Can an Artist Change the Title on His Art After It Is Finished
If yous've ever taken an art history class or spent time in a fine arts museum, chances are yous know a lot virtually the men who "defined" their mediums. As with other subjects, well-nigh of what we acquire nigh fine art history today all the same centers on white men from Europe and, later, the United States. In reality, in that location are and so many more than artists of all genders to learn from and capeesh.
Here, we're specifically taking a expect at simply some of the women who have had lasting impacts on their art forms. From some of the art globe's most iconic pioneers to its most unsung heroes, these women artists all had a hand — and, in some cases, however have a hand — in changing the earth of art and how we define it.
Laura Wheeler Waring
Laura Wheeler Waring was an artist and educator who taught at Cheyney University in Pennsylvania for more than than 30 years. After studying the work of painters like Cézanne and Monet while abroad, she returned to the United states, becoming best known for her portraits of prominent Black Americans, many of which were painted during the Harlem Renaissance.
Cindy Sherman
Lensman Cindy Sherman was part of the Pictures Generation during the 1980s, and is maybe most well known for her series of Untitled Film Stills (1977–lxxx) — cocky-portraits in which Sherman "posed in the guises of various generic female person film characters, among them, ingénue, working girl, vamp, and lonely housewife" (via MoMA). In this series, and those that followed, Sherman used photography to question the media'southward influence over our individual and collective identities.
Yoko Ono
You lot might first remember of Yoko Ono every bit a musician and activist, only she's also an accomplished performance and conceptual artist. Ono was considered a pioneer in the operation fine art movement, earning the nickname the "Loftier Priestess of the Happening".
1 of her most revered works, Cut Slice, was a functioning she first staged in Nihon; Ono sat on stage in a nice adjust and placed scissors in front of her, and, in an act of daring vulnerability, invited audience members to come on phase and cutting away pieces of her clothing. "Art is similar breathing for me," Ono has said. "If I don't do it, I commencement to asphyxiate."
Betye Saar
Before becoming a printmaker and activist, Betye Saar studied pattern and was employed equally a social worker. A printmaking constituent changed her entire career trajectory — and, in turn, part of the trajectory of fine art history.
Saar was function of the Black Arts Movement in the 1970s and, through painting and assemblage, critiqued institutionalized racism and the racist stereotypes white people held toward Black Americans. "To me the trick is to seduce the viewer," Saar has said. "If you can get the viewer to look at a piece of work of fine art, then you might be able to requite them some sort of bulletin."
Frida Kahlo
Information technology'due south rare to discover someone who hasn't at least heard of Frida Kahlo. A cocky-taught painter from Mexico, she is best known for exploring themes similar death and identity through her self-portraits. Kahlo often used bold, bright colors to create her symbol-rich works, and was regarded equally one of the virtually influential artists of the Surrealist movement.
Yayoi Kusama
Yayoi Kusama started painting at a very young age, but she'south also known for her hyper-real sculptures, polka dots, installations, then much more. Like many of her peers, Kusama embraced the counterculture of the 1960s, employing nudity in much of her piece of work. Today, she continues to create works for her enduring Mirror/Infinity rooms series, which utilize mirrors and lit objects to create a sense of endlessness.
Amy Sherald
Amy Sherald is an American painter and portraitist who depicts Blackness Americans, often doing everyday activities — something that became more than common in portraiture writ big in the mid-19th century. Odds are that y'all recognize Sherald's work — and her signature grayscale peel tones — equally she was the first Black woman to complete a presidential portrait for the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery.
Georgia O'Keeffe
Known as the female parent of American modernism, you probable associate Georgia O'Keeffe with her paintings of New United mexican states'southward landscapes, flowers, skulls, and, just maybe, the skyscrapers of New York City. In the 1920s, she was the beginning woman painter to gain the respect of the New York art earth, all by painting in her unique way.
Adrian Piper
Adrian Piper became a pioneering minimalist, feminist, and conceptual artist in 1970s New York City. She used her work to question social club, identity, and racial politics past enervating the audience to confront truths near themselves. She often challenged people on the streets of New York to approximate her race, socio-economic class, and gender — all while dressed every bit a Black man with a fake mustache and sunglasses, or while wearing compelling statements on her clothes.
Shirin Neshat
Shirin Neshat left Iran in 1974 to study fine art in Los Angeles, California — before the Iran Islamic Revolution took place. She is best known for her photography, moving-picture show, and video work, much of which explores the relationship between Islam's cultural and religious systems and women. Moreover, Neshat's works ofttimes create a sense of solidarity and empowerment.
Jenny Holzer
Equally a neo-conceptual artist, Jenny Holzer's piece of work focuses on words and ideas, which she puts on advertising billboards, projects onto buildings and adds to electronic displays or neon signs.
These works display phrases that act every bit meditations on diverse concepts, such equally trauma, knowledge, and promise. One of her more notable works, I Smell You On My Peel, makes the viewer question what kind of sentiment the sentence conveys.
Rebecca Belmore
Much of Rebecca Belmore'due south fine art addresses identity and history — and, in particular, houselessness and the voicelessness of the Kickoff Nations People in Canada. As an Anishinaabekwe artist, she works to raise awareness around the prejudice, violence, and attempted erasure of Ethnic North American culture. In 2005, she was the first Ethnic woman to correspond Canada at the Venice Biennale.
Louise Bourgeois
While a prolific printmaker and painter, Louise Bourgeois is better known for her installation art and sculptures — like the spider above — which were inspired by her own experiences and memories. Throughout her career, she created revolutionary works during a time when abstraction and conceptual art were the main styles shaping the art world.
Mickalene Thomas
Heavily influenced past pop culture and popular fine art, Mickalene Thomas often embellishes her paintings with rhinestones and uses colorful acrylic paints. In her work, Thomas centers Blackness American women, whom she believes embody power and femininity.
Judy Chicago
Judy Chicago was ane of the major figures within the early Feminist Art movement. As exemplified in her iconic piece of work The Dinner Political party, her installation pieces often examine the role of women in history and culture — in the 1970s and before. While at California State University in Fresno, Chicago founded the outset feminist art program in the United states of america.
Augusta Savage
Augusta Fell was an American sculptor during the Harlem Renaissance who worked toward securing equal rights for Black Americans in the arts. In addition to creating breathtaking sculptures, often of Black folks, Vicious founded the Savage Studio of Arts and Crafts in Harlem in 1932, and, a few years later, she became the kickoff Black American elected to the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors in 1934.
Carolee Schneemann
Known for her provocative operation art practices, Carolee Schneemann is considered the progenitor of "body art". (Merely expect up her most famous piece of work, Interior Whorl, and you'll meet what nosotros mean.) She used her body to examine women's sensuality and liberation from the oppressive aesthetic and social conventions established by our patriarchal club.
Nan Goldin
Famous for her in-the-moment photography, Nan Goldin's work challenges traditional ability relations. In addition to documenting New York Metropolis'southward queer subculture mail service-Stonewall, Goldin explored the HIV/AIDS crisis, opioid epidemic, and LGBTQ+ bodies.
Elaine Sturtevant
Does this look similar an Andy Warhol to you? Well, that'south the idea! Elaine Sturtevant, who went past her last name professionally, was a conceptual artist known for her inexact replicas — that is, not-quite-right copies of big-name artists' work.
Some artists and critics encouraged her efforts, while others became quite angry. Nonetheless, Sturtevant used her works to explore the concepts of authorship, originality, and the structure of fine art culture.
Ruth Asawa
During the 1960s, Ruth Asawa created increasingly complex wire sculptures. A San Francisco-based artist, Asawa's terminal public commission was the Garden of Remembrance at San Francisco State Academy, which was created to recognize Japanese Americans who were interned during World War Ii.
Catherine Opie
Known for her studio, portrait, and landscape photography, Catherine Opie has been a photographer since the age of nine. She uses her photography to examine social norms, and, in doing so, displays various subcultures in formal portraits — merely in a manner that conveys power and respect by evoking traditional Renaissance portraiture.
micha cárdenas
micha cárdenas is an artist, writer, theorist, and assistant professor who won an Impact Honour at the Indiecade Festival in 2020 and the Creative Laurels from the Gender Justice League in 2016. She believes teaching is the path to liberation and uses VR and fine art to address global problems such every bit racism, gendered violence, and climate change.
Lee Krasner
Lee Krasner was an Abstruse Expressionist painter who also specialized in collaging. Her works capture a spirit of relentless reinvention, from her Cubist drawings and assemblage to her portraits and murals for the Works Progress Assistants (WPA).
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